Gene Expression Analysis of Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-18 among Chronic Otitis Media Patients with Effusion

Abstract

Immune responses have been linked to middle ear effusion in patients with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). Despite the fact that different cytokines play a role in immunologic responses in OME patients. Through the period extending from August 2022 until April 2023, under sterilized conditions 110 clinical specimens (ear discharge) collected by Otorhinolaryngologists from outpatients and inpatients with chronic otitis media (COM) with effusion whose visited Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) consulting in Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital for specialized surgeries in medical city. The specimens collected from adults (15-55 years) and children (5-9 years). According to the results of the biochemical tests and molecular identification, out of the 110 samples of ear exudates examined, 49 (44.5%) specimens contained bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (no=6, 5.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (no=17, 15.5%),16 Moraxella catarrhalis (14.5%) and 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.5%) and 4 Haemophilus influenzae (3.6%). Using the delta delta ct method, the gene expression of three interleukins (IL-8, IL-10, and IL-22) was assessed in patients with three species (S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and P. aeruginosa) and contrasted the outcomes with those of a healthy control group. The gene expression findings of three Interleukins among Chronic Otitis media patients infected with P. aeruginosa, where the maximum level in effusion was 5.6 for IL-8, follow by 4.9 for IL-22, while the lower levels were for IL-10 (2.1) in blood and (3.2) in effusion, while with M. catarrhalis, the findings demonstrated that the expression of the three interleukins in blood and effusion exhibited significant raising in comparison with the healthy control, where the maximum level in effusion was 5.5 for IL-8, follow by 5.3 for IL-22, while the lower levels were for IL-10 (1.8) in blood and (2.2) in effusion. Also, the results of S. pneumoniae revealed that there was an increasing of the fold change of gene expression of interleukin-22 in blood (5.2) and effusion (6.1) in comparison with other interleukins and the healthy control, and the maximum level in effusion was 6.1 for IL-22, follow by 3.6 for IL-8. In conclusion, the results indicated to the importance of IL-22 in all bacterial infections and especially with S. pneumoniae and IL-8 for P. aeruginosa, M. catarrhalis. Also, the lower levels of expression of mRNA for IL-10 were related to all bacterial infections.