Potential Genotoxicity Effect of Ganodermalucidum Extracts on DNA Damage in Bone Marrow Cells of Albino Mice

Abstract

The present study investigated the genotoxicity effects of three types of crude extracts, which include two aqueous extracts (hot aqueous extract, cold aqueous extract) and ethanolic extract of Ganodermalucidum(G. lucidum) powder from DXN Company (Malaysia) on albino mice bone marrow cells in vivo using comet assay. The extracts were subjected to analysis using GC-MS technology. The analysis revealed that G. lucidumpredominantly contains organic compounds like alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones. Each type of extract (alcoholic, cold aqueous, and hot aqueous) was administered to three mice at low, moderate, and high concentrations (1000, 2000, and 4000) mg/kg (three replicate for each dose) at this study and injected with 0.3 ml in each mouse intraperitoneally. The control group received an injection of 0.3 ml of normal saline using the same method for 24 hours. The results showed that the extracts' genotoxic effect on the genetic material of bone marrow cells depends on the type of extract and dose. Furthermore, DNA damage increased significantly (P≤0.05) and proportionally to higher extracts doses as demonstrated by the increased values of comet length (hot aqueous extract=62.50, cold aqueous extract= 81.00, ethanolic extract=89.50), head diameter (hot aqueous extract= 88.30, cold aqueous extract= 78.53, ethanolic extract= 72.17), and tail length (hot aqueous extract= 19.86, cold aqueous extract= 20.32, ethanolic extract= 23.80) at the concentration 4000 mg/kg. The identification and assessment of bioactive compounds in the three G. lucidumextracts suggest these extracts have slight DNA damage effect in bone marrow cells.