Molecular Investigation Comparative between Dombeya and Bombax Plant Species of Exotic Malvaceae

Abstract

The study focuses on the Malvaceae plant family, highlighting its significance in understanding plant diversity in Iraq. The research involves classifying these plants, examining their properties and physical characteristics, and focusing on their molecular evolution and potential threats. The exotic plants are species that are not naturally present in the local environment . their intestines during their long journey back and forth between their original habitats and wintering areas.the plant Dombeya wallichii and Bombax ceiba  are  the exotic plants cultivated for ornamental purposes, this plants grew adapting to the environmental conditions in Iraq. Both plants perennial trees, so the study Chose to compare with Marva parviflora because that represents the family Malvaceae and it phant grew and distributed very well in Iraq, native throughout the temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of Europe, Africa, and Asia . Molecular studies are emphasized for their accuracy and comprehensiveness in identifying species.. Molecular information is crucial for taxonomic determination, with evolutionary theory being an important tool in plant taxonomy. Individual molecular evolutionary data for Alcea are limited in determining interspecies relationships and identifying species. Chloroplasts are play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth, intracellular gene transfer and conservation, diversity, this genetic basis by chloroplast transgenes was engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or produce high-value agricultural (biomedical products. chloroplast genome sequences impact understanding the origins of economically important cultivated species. DNA sequencing technology, especially PCR, is widely used for solving classification problems by tracing the sequence of nitrogenous bases in genes. The study involves DNA isolation from plant samples using the Genomic DNA GENEzol™ DNA Reagent Plant Kit   at the Macrogen Center in South Korea and analyzing the samples through agarose gel electrophoresis.  Genetic variations within the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer sequences were analyzed to study the biodiversity patterns of three plant isolates from the family Malvaceae (designated O1, W1 and W2) collected from Babylon.  The results show successful PCR amplification of the TrnH-psbA region in some genera of the Malvaceae family, with sequence similarities to reference sequences. Sequencing reactions indicated that the identity of samples O1, W1 and W2 belonged to Marva parviflora, Dombeya wallichii, and Bommax ceiba, respectively. Variations were detected in some samples, and the alignment results showed the exact identity of the samples after NCBI BLASTn analysis. The study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships within the Malvaceae family in Iraq.